About MODTRAN®

MODTRAN Overview

Overview of MODTRAN® Architecture, Capabilities, and Applications.

The MODTRAN® [1] [2] (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) computer code is used worldwide by research scientists in government agencies, commercial organizations, and educational institutions for the prediction and analysis of optical measurements through the atmosphere. MODTRAN was developed and continues to be maintained through a longstanding collaboration between Spectral Sciences, Inc. (SSI) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The code is embedded in many operational and research sensor and data processing systems, particularly those involving the removal of atmospheric effects, commonly referred to as atmospheric correction, in remotely sensed multi- and hyperspectral imaging (MSI and HSI).

The MODTRAN software computes line-of-sight (LOS) atmospheric spectral transmittances and radiances over the ultraviolet through long wavelength infrared spectral regime (0 - 50,000 cm-1; > 0.2 μm). The radiation transport (RT) physics within MODTRAN provides accurate and fast methods for modeling stratified, horizontally homogeneous atmospheres. The core of the MODTRAN RT is an atmospheric "narrow band model" algorithm. The atmosphere is modeled via constituent vertical profiles, both molecular and particulate, defined either using built-in models or by user-specified radiosonde or climatology data. The band model provides resolution as fine as 0.2 cm-1 from its 0.1 cm-1 band model. MODTRAN solves the radiative transfer equation including the effects of molecular and particulate absorption/emission and scattering, surface reflections and emission, solar/lunar illumination, and spherical refraction.

The underlying physics and algorithms used in MODTRAN are well established. The focus of recent MODTRAN updates was on the conversion to a modern programming style and language, facilitating interfacing/integration with other applications, and utilizing the new API (Application Programming Interface) capability to provide code parallelization speedup options. The key advancements included in the most recent MODTRAN release include:

  • Interface: A user-friendly GUI (Graphical User Interface), which enables general users to effectively leverage MODTRAN.

  • Integration: A generalized API (Application Programming Interface), which facilitates integration of MODTRAN into operational systems and third party software.

  • Physics Upgrade: A line-by-line algorithm to enable higher spectral resolution applications and validation of the band model algorithms. [3]

  • Algorithm Speedup: MODTRAN's updated algorithms and parallelization techniques can leverage advanced computing architectures to reduce wall clock time.

  • Toolkits: Tools are available for converting legacy input files to a JSON format, for defining radiosonde and climatology based vertical profiles, and for generating custom aerosol optical and profile data.

  • Documentation: A revised user's manual, an Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) describing the fundamental radiative transfer physics, an Interface Control Document (ICD) to facilitate API implementations, and Robodoc software documentation come with the installation.

With over a 30 year heritage, MODTRAN has been extensively validated, and it serves as the community standard atmospheric band model.

References

  1. A. Berk, P. Conforti, R. Kennett, T. Perkins, F. Hawes, and J. van den Bosch, "MODTRAN6: a major upgrade of the MODTRAN radiative transfer code," Proc. SPIE 9088, Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XX, 90880H (June 13, 2014); doi:10.1117/12.2050433.
  2. Berk, A., P.K. Acharya, L.S. Bernstein, G.P. Anderson, P. Lewis, J.H. Chetwynd, and M.L. Hoke, "Band Model Method for Modeling Atmospheric Propagation at Arbitrarily Fine Spectral Resolution," U.S. Patent #7433806, issued October 7, 2008.
  3. Alexander Berk, Patrick Conforti, and Fred Hawes, "An accelerated line-by-line option for MODTRAN combining on-the-fly generation of line center absorption with 0.1 cm-1 bins and pre-computed line tails," Proc. SPIE 9471, Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXI, 947217 (May 21, 2015); doi:10.1117/12.2177444